Operculicarya borealis

Operculicarya borealis is a rare and highly sought-after caudiciform tree from Madagascar, known for its thick, sculptural trunk, delicate fern-like foliage, and drought resistance. This bonsai-friendly species is a favorite among succulent and caudex plant collectors due to its unique growth habit and slow, ornamental development.

Key Features:

• Botanical Name: Operculicarya borealis
• Common Names: Northern Elephant Tree, Madagascar Bonsai Tree
• Family: Anacardiaceae
• Native Region: Madagascar
• Growth Habit: Small, shrubby tree with a thickened caudex
• Height: 1–3 meters (3–10 feet), but stays compact in containers
• Trunk: Thick, gnarled, water-storing caudex that expands over time
• Leaves: Small, pinnate, fern-like green foliage
• Flowers: Tiny, reddish-brown flowers, typically inconspicuous
• Growth Rate: Slow
• Season: Deciduous in dry conditions, active in warm seasons

Growing Conditions:

• Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
• Soil Requirements: Well-draining, sandy, or rocky soil
• Watering Needs: Low; drought-tolerant and requires minimal watering
• Temperature Tolerance: Prefers warm climates; not frost-hardy
• Humidity: Prefers low to moderate humidity; avoid excessive moisture
• Propagation: Grown from seeds or cuttings

Landscaping & Uses:

• Perfect for bonsai cultivation and container gardening
• Highly prized by collectors for its sculptural caudex and rarity
• Ideal for arid and succulent gardens due to its drought tolerance
• Low-maintenance and unique ornamental value
• Works well as a centerpiece plant in rock gardens